Which tests are used to evaluate an Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury?

The Lachman test and the Anterior Drawer sign are commonly used tests for assessing an Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury. The Lachman test is particularly sensitive for detecting ACL tears and is considered the gold standard test. It involves the clinician grasping the femur with one hand while pulling the tibia forward with the other. A significant forward movement of the tibia compared to the femur indicates a potential ACL injury.

The Anterior Drawer sign tests the same anatomical region but involves a different technique, where the patient is supine and the clinician pulls the tibia anteriorly while stabilizing the foot. Increased anterior movement of the tibia compared to the femur suggests ACL instability.

The other tests referenced in the other choices, while relevant for knee injuries, are specifically not the primary tests for ACL evaluation. The McMurray Sign is used for meniscal tears, while the Posterior Drawer sign assesses posterior cruciate ligament injuries. The Varus and Valgus stress tests are designed to evaluate the integrity of the collateral ligaments of the knee rather than the cruciate ligaments. Thus, the Anterior Drawer sign and the Lachman test are the most relevant and appropriate assessments for determining an ACL injury.