What additional diagnostic tests are appropriate for a 17-year-old suspected of having polycystic ovary syndrome?

In the context of diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), evaluating hormone levels is essential, particularly in adolescents. The recommended tests focus on assessing the hormonal balance, as hormonal dysregulation is a hallmark of PCOS.

The selected diagnostic tests include follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The measurement of LH and FSH is crucial because patients with PCOS often present with an abnormal ratio of these hormones due to the condition's effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Elevated luteinizing hormone levels relative to follicle-stimulating hormone is commonly observed in PCOS. Prolactin and TSH measurements help exclude other conditions that may present with similar symptoms, such as hyperprolactinemia or thyroid dysfunction, which can also impact menstrual regularity and other hormonal functions.

Collectively, these tests provide a comprehensive overview of the patient's endocrine function, which is critical for confirming a diagnosis of PCOS and guiding appropriate management strategies. Understanding the endocrine aspects allows clinicians to differentiate PCOS from other possible reproductive or metabolic disorders effectively.