A patient is suspected of having hypertension. What is the primary diagnostic tool to confirm hypertension?

The primary method for diagnosing hypertension is blood pressure measurement. This approach is essential because hypertension is defined by the consistent elevation of blood pressure readings above established thresholds, typically at or above 130/80 mmHg. Proper techniques involve using a validated sphygmomanometer, ensuring the patient is relaxed and seated, and taking multiple readings on separate occasions for an accurate diagnosis.

Other diagnostic tools, such as urinalysis, ECG, and complete metabolic panels, can provide additional information regarding the potential complications or causes of hypertension but do not confirm the diagnosis of hypertension itself. For instance, urinalysis can help assess kidney function or screen for secondary causes of hypertension, while an ECG may indicate heart strain or underlying cardiovascular issues related to high blood pressure, and a complete metabolic panel can provide insights into electrolyte balance and kidney health. However, none of these tests can confirm hypertension without the critical step of measuring blood pressure directly.